SQL Server and SQL Data Warehouse support one partition column per table, which can be ranged partition. To learn more about partitioning, see Partitioned Tables and Indexes.

Azure SQL Database supports horizontal partitioning of table data for manageability and performance benefits as explained in the docs. Although most of this capability is explained and documented in ...

SQL Server partitioned views make rows of all partitions appear as a single table; distributed partitioned views enable partitioning data across multiple linked servers, not just filegroups, for ...

These are enabled by default on indexes. SQL Server 2008 R2 also supports table partitioning. Because partitions divide data into separate objects, partitioning tables can improve overall performance.