Open-Loop vs. Closed-Loop So where exactly does open-loop end and closed-loop begin? The line seems clear for some systems, but muddy for others. How much feedback is enough to qualify?

For those in the transit industry, it’s easy to get lost in the jargon. Terms like card-based, account-based, open-loop and ...

Open-Loop vs. Closed-Loop So where exactly does open-loop end and closed-loop begin? The line seems clear for some systems, but muddy for others. How much feedback is enough to qualify?

Open-loop systems lack support for more flexible fare structures unless layered with complex eligibility processes or closed-loop add-ons. Technology must be built with inclusivity in mind from ...