That built-in experience comes via vscode-js-debug, a GitHub project described as a Debugger Adapter Protocol -based JavaScript debugger that works with Node.js, Chrome, Edge, WebView2 and VS Code ...

It supports deploying Node.js applications in the Microsoft Azure cloud, and it covers remote debugging to Windows, Linux, or Mac OS platforms.

The iOS Web Debugger for Visual Studio Code is an extension supported on both Mac and Windows PCs that enables developers to debug JavaScript code running in the Safari browser on iOS devices.