If 3 + n = 5, then what is n? Of course, the answer is n = 2. This is how variables work in programming. A variable is a label (usually a word) that can be substituted for a piece of data.

Many programming languages allow passing objects by reference or by value. In Java, we can only pass object parameters by value. This imposes limits and also raises questions.

Java is an object-oriented programming language, but there’s more to Java than programming with objects. This tutorial is the first of several introducing non-object-oriented features and syntax ...