Complexity theory is a branch of computer science that studies the resources required to solve computational problems, particularly focusing on the classification of problems based on their inherent ...

The most widely used technique for finding the largest or smallest values of a math function turns out to be a fundamentally difficult computational problem. Many aspects of modern applied research ...

This communication presents experimental research findings on the application of the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) and the African buffalo optimization (ABO) to implement the complex and fairly ...