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Diagram from Joannes Kepler's Dioptrice, purchased by the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum and accessioned in 1911 (accession number 27068). Related images: M0010890 Catalogue data comes from a ...

Diagram published in Descartes, Renee: Discours de la methode pour bien conduire sa raison…, A Leyde : De l'imprimerie de I. Maire, 1637 Catalogue data comes from a combination of entries in the ...

When light passes from one medium (material) to another it changes speed. This is because the speed of a wave is determined by the medium through which it is passing. When light speeds up as it passes ...

Abstract: Conical refraction (CR) is a phenomenon observed when light is transformed into a hollow slanted cone propagating along an optical axis of a biaxial crystal and emerges as a cylinder of ...

High electrical conductivity and optical transmittance of window electrodes play a crucial role in various optoelectronic devices such as solar cells 1,2,3, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 4,5,6, ...