In this tutorial, we will see how replace Arduino board with Atmega328 IC and with few other components. For using Atmega328 IC in place of arduino, first we have to burn Arduino Bootloader in it and ...

FT232 (FTDI Chip): Converts USB signals to serial communication (UART), allowing the Arduino Nano to communicate with a computer over USB. D4 (Diode): Protects against voltage spikes during USB ...