In numerous industrial applications, electric motors are employed as actuators. A closed-loop control can be simply implemented by the use of optical or magnetic encoders, that are usually significant ...

The next step is to develop a mathematical model of the motor and the sensor that describes their dynamics and characteristics. For example, you can use the DC motor model that relates the input ...

Learn how to control a DC motor for speed, direction, and torque using electrical engineering tools and techniques. Find out the basics and examples of DC motor control.

Circuit Design The circuit is designed to interface the ATmega16 microcontroller with the L298 motor driver and the encoder-equipped DC motor. The speed of the motor is measured using the encoder and ...